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详解刀具刃材与表面处理

发布时间:2013-08-08

  刀刃材料详解

  420J2 :(Cold Stell公司出品) 由于其低碳高铬的组成使这种钢材成为制作坚韧抗震刀刃的绝佳选择,同时还具有很好的抗腐蚀能力与不错的刀锋保持性。它是一种理想的刀刃材料,可以在各种不同的环境下使用,如高温、潮湿,或海中空气含盐量高的环境等等。高量的铬带给它超强的抗腐蚀能力,也使它成为制造随身携带的刀具和不需要怎么保养的刀具的上好材料。

  ATS-34:ATS-34是一种被手工刀和高端量产刀用得最广泛的昂贵不锈钢,版权由日本日立钢铁公司所有,在美国有与它相同的154CM钢材,由着名制造商Bob Loveless生产。

  AUS-8(也称为8A):“不锈钢”这个词常常会令人误解,因为事实上没有钢材是不生锈的,生锈会在刀上留下污点,并使刀具状态欠佳。熔炼时在钢材中加入铬,并降低碳的含量,就可以使其成为“不锈钢”。有些专家认为,不锈钢的表现具有矛盾性:增多铬减少碳能增强抗锈能力;但也使刀刃更难于打磨锋利,甚至有人说刀锋持久性也会降低。但我们已经发现多数的不锈钢刀刃能够与其他材料的刀刃一样锋利,且保持性也一样。AUS 8A是一种高碳,低铬不锈钢,经长期实践证明,它是一种在韧性、强度、刀锋持久性和抗腐蚀性间取得一个很好的平衡点的优秀钢材。

  碳V (Carbon V):COLD STEEL的专利钢材,一种经过精心冶炼的高级的碳合金钢,是冶金学和实验科学的杰作,它的成分和O-1很类似。在发明这种钢材的过程中,Cold Steel公司将各种刀刃拿来作所谓的“Cold Steel 挑战测试”,按结果将它们分类,以便检验其微结构组成。用这种方法,最后总结出了钢材和冶炼方法的优劣排序,并制造出最好的钢材。Cold Steel购买了大量高级的高碳刃材钢来重新冶炼,这些高碳钢含有少量其他的合金元素,在冶炼时,这些元素增强了刀刃的保持能力和弹性,使钢材超出了其原来的品质极限,更适合用来制造刀刃。然后,将刃材在熔盐中热处理,再在温控油中淬火,形成刀刃的毛胚。再经过专业的热处理过程,包括严格控制的奥式体化温度、预先设定的浸泡次数、特殊选定的淬火物质和精确的回火时间和温度。这种生产流程使每把刀都有同样的优秀品质,甚至比昂贵的手工刀更佳。

  CPM-T440V:近来被吹捧为“超级钢”的CPM-T440V,在不锈钢市场上屹立不倒。但是,它过于坚硬而难于打磨(因此它具有空前的刀锋保持性),但反过来,也就不需要经常打磨。CPM-T440V被手工刀广泛采用,并慢慢地向高端产品刀具领域进军。

  水滴型 (Droppoint):一种刀刃形状,其刀锋切割面的顶点呈水滴形轻微流线型(我个人比较喜欢这种风格)。用起来感觉很好,有很强劲的切割点。

  GIN-1(G2):另一种低价钢材,质地比AUS-8略软。

  高合金 (High Alloy):一种复杂的合金。

  高速钢 (High-Speed Steel):钢材家族中被用来加工其它钢材的钢材。它们与普通钢材的主要区别在于其在高速摩擦而产生的高温红火下刃口也不会受损,并具有很强的抗磨损能力。M2就是一种高速钢。然而高速钢具有易碎的缺点,所以不适于用来做大型刀刃。

  高碳 (High-Carbon):含碳量大于等于0.5%的钢材。有时也指非不锈钢,严格来说不是很恰当。比较出名的高碳钢有BG-42,CPM154M, ATS-34,440C等等。

  高级美国高碳钢(Premium U.S. High Carbon):COLD STEEL的高级高碳钢被广泛应用在各种低档多功能刀具生产中。其化学成分和微观结构由Cold Steel规定,并且每种成分在用于生产之前都经过严格的冶金学检验。所以,其生产控制的体系与Cold Steel最着名的碳V是一样的。这种钢材比较清澄,纹理美观,含碳量较高,因此增强了强度,同时也适于热处理。Cold Steel为这种钢材设计了特殊的热处理方法,使其达到坚韧度和刀刃保持性的最佳比例。

  洛克威尔硬度

  (Rockwell Hardnes):一种用于测量钢材硬度的方法,其做法是用钻石晶体划压钢材。通常一把好刀的刀刃硬度应在洛克威尔硬度50s以上,60s以下。简而言之,硬度越高,抗磨损能力也越高,但脆性也越大。非钢合金,象钨铬钴合金等硬度都较低,只有大约40s,但它们的抗磨损能力也很高。

  三美III(San Mai III):(Cold Stell公司出品)一种非常昂贵的,传统风格的日本碾压钢。以坚硬的高碳不锈钢夹在中间作为刀刃的核心,上下各加一层韧性和弹性都很好的不锈钢来辅助和增强,最后的成品具有两种材料钢的特性,这种碾压出来的钢材比特韧的AUS 8A坚固25%。三美III的特征是刀锋处的线涡纹路,遍及整个刀刃的边缘,是由于打磨时各钢层显露出来而形成的。每把刀的线纹长度各有不同,因为每一片三美III都是独一无二的。象AUS 8A不锈钢一样,三美III由现代精确传送熔炉热处理和零下低温淬水流程,改进钢材的微观结构,去掉杂质。最后的成品刀刃比一般不锈钢刀刃具有更好的弹性和保持性。

  不锈钢 (Stainless Steel):含铬量高于12%的合金钢。一般地,含铬量越高,抗锈抗污能力越高,也越不适合做刀刃。没有真正不锈的钢材,如果不保养,所有的钢材都会生锈。

  钨铬钴合金 (Stellite):更确切的名字是钨铬钴6K合金。一种钴合金,非常好的抗磨损能力,非磁性物质,也很昂贵,是比较有争议性的材料。更多信息,查看其官方网站http://www.stellite.com。

  Talonite (Talonite):另一种钴合金,主要为钴、铬合金。它与钨铬钴6BH合金有相同的成分,区别只在于淬水和碾压工艺。Talonite具有很好的延展性,比钨铬钴合金家族的其他成员有更好的抗磨损能力。

  表面处理

  阳极电镀处理 (Anodizing):一种化学电镀表面覆盖处理方法,可以改变产品的外观,改善表面颜色和纹理结构。最常见的是对钛和铝进行阳极电镀表面处理。使用不同的电压,可以产生不同的颜色(高电压=深颜色,低电压=浅颜色)。

  珠光处理 (Bead Blasting):用于钢材、钛和铝的表面处理方法,常在战术折刀和直柄刀中被使用,其特点是使刀具表面100%的暗哑,完全消除反光。

  黑色氧化处理 (Black Oxide):一种军用刀具普遍使用的表面涂层处理方法,因其可以消除反光。

  黑色钛-碳处理 (Black-Ti):一种在表面涂上仅3微米厚度的钛-碳物质黑色涂层的表面处理方法,可以抗腐蚀。

  BT2:BENCHMADE专利的黑色特氟隆涂层处理方法。据BENCHMADE称,其比目前对不锈钢抗腐蚀能力的要求标准提高40倍。同时,特氟隆也提高了刀的切割能力。



H-Classical linear decorative knives

HA-CLASSICAL MOULDING BIT
HB-CLASSICAL MOULDING BIT WITHOUT BEARING
HB-Bilateral double R line knife
HC-CURVED LING BIT
HD-CLASSICAL BIT
HE-CLASSICAL BIT WITHOUT BEARING
HF-DOUBLE ROMAN BIT
HG-DOUBLE ROMAN BIT WITHOUT BEARING
HH-ROMAN OGEE BIT
HI-ROMAN OGEE BIT WITHOUT BEARING
HJ-CLASSICAL OGEE BIT
HK-CLASSICAL OGEE BIT
HL-WAVY EDGE BIT
HM-WAVY EDGE BIT WITHOUT BEARING
HN-CURVED ROUND WITH BEARING
HO-CLASSICAL BIT
HP-CLASSICAL BIT
HQ-Magic Knife
HR-Butterfly knife
HS-CLASSICAL MOULDING BIT
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HU-CLASSICAL MOULDING BIT
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I-Beaded Curve Knife

IA-DOUBLE BEADING BIT
IB-DOUBLE BEADING BIT
IC-DOUBLE BEADING BIT
ID-DRAGON BALL BIT
IE-A TYPE DRAWING LINE BIT
IF-DOUBLE DRAGON BALL BIT
IG-DRAGON BALL BIT

J-Crown curve decoration knives

JA-EDGE MOULDING BIT
JB-PALACE TYPE BIT
JC-CROWN MOULDING BIT
JD-CROWN MOULDING BIT
JE-CROWN MOULDING BIT
JF-CROWN MOULDING BIT

K-Architectural decorative knives streamlined

KA-DOUBLE ROUND NOSE BIT
KB-SPECIAL MOULDING BIT
KC-INTEREST MOULDING BIT
KD-FISH HANDRAIL BIT
KE-HANDRAIL BIT
KF-VARIABLE-BEADING BIT
KG-CROWN MOULDING BIT
KH-HANDRAIL BIT

L-Rail line/line Knife

LA-TABLE EDGE BIT
LB-TABLE OGEE BIT
LC-TABLE CORNER BIT
LD-HANDRAIL CLASSICAL BIT
LE-TABLE CURVED ROUND BIT
LF-TRADITIONAL BIT
LG-15Degree HORSE NOSE BIT
LH-ROMAN CLASSICAL BIT
LI-TRADITIONAL BIT
LJ-TABLE EDGE BIT

M-Combination of high handrail Knife Bottle

MA-HANDRAIL BIT
MB-HANDRAIL BIT
MC-HANDRAIL BIT

N-Polymorphic classical Knife

NA-VERTICAL BIT
NB-RAISED PANEL BIT
NC-PANEL BIT
ND-15 degrees plate type knife
NE-45 Degree PANEL BIT
NF-UNDERMOUNT BOWL BIT
NG-S-TYPE BIT

O-Knife nail-like model lines

OA-FINGER GRIP BIT
OB-DOUBLE FINGER BIT
OC-A TWO SLOPES FINGERNAIL BIT
OD-SIDE FINGER NAIL TYPE BIT
OE-ARCH TYPE ROUTER BIT
OF-ARCH TYPE ROUTER BIT
OG-FINGER NAIL BIT

P-T-tenon Knife

PA-DRAWER LOCK BIT
PB-T-TYPE SLOTTING CUTTER
PC-KEYHOLE BIT
PD-T-SLOT ROUTER BIT
PE-T-TYPE BIT WITH BEARING
PF-HINGE BIT
PG-JOINT BIT
PH-MITER BIT
PI-T-SLOT ROUTER BIT
PK-Long households knife

Q-T-tenon cutter combination of class

QA-BEAD & FLUTE BITS
QB-TONGUE & GROOVE BITS
QC-STYLE & RAIL ASSEMBLES
QD-STYLE & RAIL ASSEMBLES
QE-STYLE & RAIL ASSEMBLES
QF-STYLE & RAIL ASSEMBLES
QG-TONGUE & GROOVE BITS

R-Door Knife

RA-Tanaka knife
RB-Oblique arc knife
RC-Cascade knife
RD-Curved knife
RE-Feng cutter
RF-Qingping knife
RG-Type clever knife
RH-Thin round knife
RI-Liu knife edge
RJ-Kocho knife
RK-CLASSICAL PLUNGE BIT
RL-CLASSICAL PLUNGE BIT
RM-CLASSICAL PLUNGE BIT
RN-CLASSICAL PLUNGE BIT
RO-15Degree HORSE NOSE BIT
RP-10Degree HORSE NOSE BIT
RQ-OPEN-END CARVING BIT
RR-FLAT BOTTOM CUTTER

T-Solid Carbide cutting knives

TCT-SOLID CARBIDE STRAIGHT BIT

U-Other series

UA-Spindle machine flat knife, four planing knives
UB-Finger Joint Cutter Series
UC-Circular knife
UD-Speaker Knife
UE-A knife series
UF-Helical flat knife
UG-Small door knife (knife cabinet) series
UH-Ceiling moldings, edge line series
UI-Wallboard knife
UJ-Door Knife
Uk-Spiral Square Series
UL-Staircase handrail wire cutter series
UM-Frame Line Cutters
UN-Edge Knife
UO-Large door knife series
UP-Slot Knife
UQ-Flooring Knife
UR-Cabinet plate knife series
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