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Woodworking tool used

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Woodworking Tool Box
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Bead knife
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clearing_bit_with_drill_bit
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AI-STAGGER TOOTH STRAIGHT BIT
AJ-CLEANING BOTTOM BIT

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BA-STRAIGHT BIT WITH BEARING
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C-Without bearing for guiding trimming knives

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D-Straight drill form class

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E-Knife round bottom line

EA-BOWL & TRAY BIT
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EF-LONG BLADE ROUND NOSE BIT

F-Convex half circular knife

FA-CORNER ROUND BIT
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您的位置:Guangzhou JeeFoo Tools Co.,Ltd >> 技术文章

杰峰(JEEFOO)对非标刀具的制作的解说

发布时间:2013-08-08

    机械加工过程中经常会遇到一些难以用标准刀具进行加工的情况,因此,非标刀具的制作对机械切削加工十分重要。因为金属切削使用非标刀具多见于铣加工,故对铣加工中非标刀具的制作稍作介绍。

    由于标准刀具的制作针对的是面广量大的普通金属件或非金属件的切削,当遇到工件进行过热处理而硬度增大,或工件为不锈钢等非常容易粘刀,也有一些工件的表面几何形状十分复杂,或被加工表面有较高的粗糙度要求等情况时,标准刀具就无法满足加工的需要。所以在加工过程中,需对刀具的材质、刀口的几何形状,几何角度等,进行针对性的设计,可分为不需要专门订制和需要专门订制两大类。不需要专门订制的刀具主要是解决两个问题,如尺寸问题和表面粗糙度问题。

    如果是尺寸问题,可以选择一把尺寸与所需的尺寸相近的标准刀具,通过改磨就可以解决,但也需注意两点:

    尺寸相差不能太大,一般不要超过2mm,因为尺寸相差太大的话,会引起刀具的槽形发生变化,直接影响容屑空间和几何角度。

    如果是带有刃孔的立铣刀的话可以在普通机床上改磨,成本较低,如果是不带刃孔的键槽铣刀就不能在普通机床上进行,需要在专门的五轴联动机床上改磨,其成本也就会较高。

    如果是表面粗糙度问题,可以通过对刃部的几何角度的改变来实现,如加大前、后角的度数会明显改善工件表面粗糙度。但如果使用方的机床刚性不够的话,可能刃口倒钝反而能提高表面粗糙度,这方面的东西非常复杂,需对加工现场分析后才能得出结论。

    需要专门订制的刀具主要是解决以下问题。

    被加工工件有特殊形状要求,如对加工所需要的刀具进行加长,加端齿倒R,或者有特殊的锥角要求,柄部结构要求,刃长尺寸控制等等。这一类的刀具如果形状要求并不十分复杂的话,其实还是容易解决的,惟一需要注意的是非标刀具的加工是比较困难的,因此,使用方在能够满足加工使用的情况下,不应该过分的追求高精度。因为,高精度本身就意味着高成本和高风险,会对制作方的生产能力和自身的成本造成不必要的浪费。

    被加工工件有特殊的强度和硬度,如工件进行过热处理,强度和硬度较高,一般的刀具材料无法进行切削加工,或者粘刀的厉害,这是,就需对刀具的材料提出特殊要求。一般的解决方法是选用高档的刀具材料,如含钴的高速刚刀具拥有较高的硬度以切削调质过的工件材料,用优质的硬质合金材料刀具可以加工高硬质的材料,甚至可以以铣代磨。当然,也有一些特殊情况,如在对铝件进行加工时,市场上有一种称为超硬刀具的就不一定合适,虽然铝件一般较软,可以说是一种容易加工的产品,但是超硬刀具所采用的材质其实是一种铝高速钢,这种材料比普通的高速钢确实会硬一些,但在加工铝件时却会引起铝元素之间的亲和力,使得刀具反而会加剧磨损,这时,如果要想得到高效率的话,可以选用钴高速钢替代。

    被加工工件有特殊的容屑和排屑要求,这时就应该选用较少的齿数和较深的容屑槽,但这种设计只能针对比较容易加工的材料,如铝合金等。

    非标刀具加工设计和加工过程中,有许多问题需要注意:

    刀具的几何形状较为复杂,在热处理时,刀具容易发生弯曲、变形,或者是局部的应力集中,这就应该在设计时就注意避免容易发生应力集中的部位,对直径变化较大的部位,加上斜角过渡或台阶设计等。如是长径比较大的细长件,则在热处理过程中,每经一次淬火和回火就需检查和校直以控制其变形量和跳动。

    刀具的材料是比较脆的,尤其是硬质合金这种材料,这就使得加工中一旦遇到震动较大或加工扭矩较大时,刀具就会发生折断,这在使用常规刀具的加工中,往往不会造成很大的损害,因为刀具断了可以更换,但在使用非标刀具的加工中,由于替换的可能性不大,因此一旦发生刀具折断,会引起的一系列问题,如交货延期等,会造成使用方的极大损失。

    上面所述的都是针对刀具本身,其实非标刀具的制造决非如此简单,这是一项系统的工程。制作方设计部门的经验和对使用方加工状况的了解会影响到非标刀具的设计和制作,制作方生产部门的加工和检测手段会影响到非标刀具的精度和几何角度,制作方销售部门的反复回访、收集资料和信息也会影响到非标刀具的改进,而这些将对使用方使用非标刀具的成功与否起决定性作用。

    总而言之,非标刀具是应特殊要求而生的一种特殊刀具,选择一家有丰富经验的制作厂家将会为使用方节省大量的时间和精力。



H-Classical linear decorative knives

HA-CLASSICAL MOULDING BIT
HB-CLASSICAL MOULDING BIT WITHOUT BEARING
HB-Bilateral double R line knife
HC-CURVED LING BIT
HD-CLASSICAL BIT
HE-CLASSICAL BIT WITHOUT BEARING
HF-DOUBLE ROMAN BIT
HG-DOUBLE ROMAN BIT WITHOUT BEARING
HH-ROMAN OGEE BIT
HI-ROMAN OGEE BIT WITHOUT BEARING
HJ-CLASSICAL OGEE BIT
HK-CLASSICAL OGEE BIT
HL-WAVY EDGE BIT
HM-WAVY EDGE BIT WITHOUT BEARING
HN-CURVED ROUND WITH BEARING
HO-CLASSICAL BIT
HP-CLASSICAL BIT
HQ-Magic Knife
HR-Butterfly knife
HS-CLASSICAL MOULDING BIT
HT-CLASSICAL MOULDING BIT WITHOUT BEARING
HU-CLASSICAL MOULDING BIT
HV-CLASSICAL MOULDING BIT WITHOUT BEARING

I-Beaded Curve Knife

IA-DOUBLE BEADING BIT
IB-DOUBLE BEADING BIT
IC-DOUBLE BEADING BIT
ID-DRAGON BALL BIT
IE-A TYPE DRAWING LINE BIT
IF-DOUBLE DRAGON BALL BIT
IG-DRAGON BALL BIT

J-Crown curve decoration knives

JA-EDGE MOULDING BIT
JB-PALACE TYPE BIT
JC-CROWN MOULDING BIT
JD-CROWN MOULDING BIT
JE-CROWN MOULDING BIT
JF-CROWN MOULDING BIT

K-Architectural decorative knives streamlined

KA-DOUBLE ROUND NOSE BIT
KB-SPECIAL MOULDING BIT
KC-INTEREST MOULDING BIT
KD-FISH HANDRAIL BIT
KE-HANDRAIL BIT
KF-VARIABLE-BEADING BIT
KG-CROWN MOULDING BIT
KH-HANDRAIL BIT

L-Rail line/line Knife

LA-TABLE EDGE BIT
LB-TABLE OGEE BIT
LC-TABLE CORNER BIT
LD-HANDRAIL CLASSICAL BIT
LE-TABLE CURVED ROUND BIT
LF-TRADITIONAL BIT
LG-15Degree HORSE NOSE BIT
LH-ROMAN CLASSICAL BIT
LI-TRADITIONAL BIT
LJ-TABLE EDGE BIT

M-Combination of high handrail Knife Bottle

MA-HANDRAIL BIT
MB-HANDRAIL BIT
MC-HANDRAIL BIT

N-Polymorphic classical Knife

NA-VERTICAL BIT
NB-RAISED PANEL BIT
NC-PANEL BIT
ND-15 degrees plate type knife
NE-45 Degree PANEL BIT
NF-UNDERMOUNT BOWL BIT
NG-S-TYPE BIT

O-Knife nail-like model lines

OA-FINGER GRIP BIT
OB-DOUBLE FINGER BIT
OC-A TWO SLOPES FINGERNAIL BIT
OD-SIDE FINGER NAIL TYPE BIT
OE-ARCH TYPE ROUTER BIT
OF-ARCH TYPE ROUTER BIT
OG-FINGER NAIL BIT

P-T-tenon Knife

PA-DRAWER LOCK BIT
PB-T-TYPE SLOTTING CUTTER
PC-KEYHOLE BIT
PD-T-SLOT ROUTER BIT
PE-T-TYPE BIT WITH BEARING
PF-HINGE BIT
PG-JOINT BIT
PH-MITER BIT
PI-T-SLOT ROUTER BIT
PK-Long households knife

Q-T-tenon cutter combination of class

QA-BEAD & FLUTE BITS
QB-TONGUE & GROOVE BITS
QC-STYLE & RAIL ASSEMBLES
QD-STYLE & RAIL ASSEMBLES
QE-STYLE & RAIL ASSEMBLES
QF-STYLE & RAIL ASSEMBLES
QG-TONGUE & GROOVE BITS

R-Door Knife

RA-Tanaka knife
RB-Oblique arc knife
RC-Cascade knife
RD-Curved knife
RE-Feng cutter
RF-Qingping knife
RG-Type clever knife
RH-Thin round knife
RI-Liu knife edge
RJ-Kocho knife
RK-CLASSICAL PLUNGE BIT
RL-CLASSICAL PLUNGE BIT
RM-CLASSICAL PLUNGE BIT
RN-CLASSICAL PLUNGE BIT
RO-15Degree HORSE NOSE BIT
RP-10Degree HORSE NOSE BIT
RQ-OPEN-END CARVING BIT
RR-FLAT BOTTOM CUTTER

T-Solid Carbide cutting knives

TCT-SOLID CARBIDE STRAIGHT BIT

U-Other series

UA-Spindle machine flat knife, four planing knives
UB-Finger Joint Cutter Series
UC-Circular knife
UD-Speaker Knife
UE-A knife series
UF-Helical flat knife
UG-Small door knife (knife cabinet) series
UH-Ceiling moldings, edge line series
UI-Wallboard knife
UJ-Door Knife
Uk-Spiral Square Series
UL-Staircase handrail wire cutter series
UM-Frame Line Cutters
UN-Edge Knife
UO-Large door knife series
UP-Slot Knife
UQ-Flooring Knife
UR-Cabinet plate knife series
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