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Woodworking tool used

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B-Trimming knives with bearing

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E-Knife round bottom line

EA-BOWL & TRAY BIT
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F-Convex half circular knife

FA-CORNER ROUND BIT
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影响涂层刀具切削性能的因素及使用中应注意的问题

发布时间:2013-08-08

影响涂层刀具切削性能的因素
被加工材料的影响
采用同样的一把涂层刀具来加工各种不同的加工材料,其刀具的切削寿命有很大差别。一般情况下,涂层刀具在加工调质材料、高合金钢、不锈钢、耐热钢等难加工材料时,寿命可提高5倍以上,当加工一般45钢时,其寿命可提高3倍左右。
切削用量参数的影响
涂层刀具在高的切削用量的情况下,会反映出高的寿命和高的耐用度,因此,涂层刀具更适合于在高速切削机床进行粗加工,但在低的切削用量下进行切削,涂层刀具也具有好的耐磨性,表面加工质量也很高。
机床刚度的影响
采用PVD方法涂层的高速钢刀具,涂层和刀具基体基本上是机械结合。薄膜和刀具基体并没有扩散层。因此这里面就存在着涂层的剥落问题。一把优质的涂层刀具在正常切削情况下涂层不会剥落,显示出优良的切削性能。但如果机床在切削中振动很大,刀具和工件进行反复冲击,这时会导致涂层非正常剥落,涂层一旦剥落也就显示不出涂层刀具的优越性。但需要指出的是,在强烈振动下使用涂层刀具,并非刚一切削涂层就剥落,这种剥落是在切削中逐渐进行的。即使在这种情况下,涂层刀具寿命也会有不同程度的提高。
刀具几何参数的影响
一般来说,当涂层刀具后角偏大时会得到更满意的性能。如拉刀、铰刀、磨制钻头等精加工刀具,后角增大后,其涂层的效果明显提高。
哪些刀具更适合涂层
任何一种刀具经涂层处理都会得到较高的寿命,考虑到刀具的修磨特点、使用场合和经济性,下列几种类型的刀具更适合采用涂层处理:
铲齿刀具(包括铲磨刀具)
这类刀具包括各种齿轮铣刀,各种滚刀、插齿刀,各种成型刀具。这是由刀具的修磨和磨损特点所决定的。一般情况下,刀具的磨损方式都在后刀面最先出现。由于后刀面过度磨损,致使刀具不能再使用。这类刀具经修磨前刀面后,后刀面仍然保持着涂层,所以刀具寿命仍能提高2倍以上。
加工难加工材料的各种刀具
当加工各种难加工材料时,用一般刀具很难进行加工,即使能用,其刀具寿命也极低。如果采用涂层刀具,刀具寿命会显著提高,可解决加工难题,在某种程度上可替代金刚石刀具。
一次性使用(或刃磨次数少)的刀具或高精度刀具
主要指丝锥和拉刀。丝锥在使用中很少修磨,而拉刀因外径公差很小,仅能修磨几次,经涂层后,可较大提高刀具寿命,降低刀具成本。
对被涂刀具表面质量的要求
为了得到粘结度很牢的涂层,对被涂刀具质量应有较高的要求,首先,被涂覆刀具前面和后面的粗糙度Ra<0.8~1.25μm,实践证明,粗糙度越小,其涂层的粘结度越好,其次,被涂层刀具的各个表面不得有锈斑、磨糊、发蓝和崩刃等缺陷;带有特尖角的刀具也不适合涂层;此外,刀尖角处应制成圆角式并带有过渡倒棱;刀具应达到技术要求的硬度;带磁刀具涂覆前应退磁。
涂层刀具的修磨
涂层刀具经修磨后仍可提高刀具寿命。对于成型刀具,只修磨前刀面,后刀面仍保持有涂层,这时刀具寿命比新涂层刀具降低了50%左右,比未涂层刀具寿命仍可提高2倍左右;对于尖齿刀具,不论修磨哪个面,只要有一个面保留涂层,切削中就会产生很大的作用。
另外,修磨工艺也十分重要。在修磨中,第一次上刀要大些,一般不小于0.01mm,一次将涂层全磨掉,然后采用正常修磨方法,刀具即将磨完时要进行精磨,可以更换粒度更细的砂轮,以防止刃口处涂层出现锯齿状剥落。为了充分发挥涂层的作用,在修磨时,其磨削量应根据刀具的磨损情况,把磨钝部分全部磨掉,直至形成完整的涂层面为准。
关于涂层刀具的重涂
刀具重涂技术是涂层刀具的一个应用发展方向。刀具重涂已引起各方的重现。对于重磨的成形刀具,只有进行重涂,才能保证刀具的整体寿命提高3~5倍以上。凡重涂刀具首先必须按工艺将各几何参数磨好,其磨光部分不允许存在各种质量缺陷,如磨糊、毛刺等。重涂时可采用局部屏蔽技术只对修磨面进行涂层。对于不采用屏蔽技术的重涂,在重涂4~6次后,刀具的非修磨面的涂层厚度就会过大,从而影响刀具精度和产生局部剥落现象,此时要对刀具进行脱膜处理后再重涂。重涂后的刀具切削性能一般不低于第一次涂层刀具,刀具可做多次重涂,直至报废为止



H-Classical linear decorative knives

HA-CLASSICAL MOULDING BIT
HB-CLASSICAL MOULDING BIT WITHOUT BEARING
HB-Bilateral double R line knife
HC-CURVED LING BIT
HD-CLASSICAL BIT
HE-CLASSICAL BIT WITHOUT BEARING
HF-DOUBLE ROMAN BIT
HG-DOUBLE ROMAN BIT WITHOUT BEARING
HH-ROMAN OGEE BIT
HI-ROMAN OGEE BIT WITHOUT BEARING
HJ-CLASSICAL OGEE BIT
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HL-WAVY EDGE BIT
HM-WAVY EDGE BIT WITHOUT BEARING
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HO-CLASSICAL BIT
HP-CLASSICAL BIT
HQ-Magic Knife
HR-Butterfly knife
HS-CLASSICAL MOULDING BIT
HT-CLASSICAL MOULDING BIT WITHOUT BEARING
HU-CLASSICAL MOULDING BIT
HV-CLASSICAL MOULDING BIT WITHOUT BEARING

I-Beaded Curve Knife

IA-DOUBLE BEADING BIT
IB-DOUBLE BEADING BIT
IC-DOUBLE BEADING BIT
ID-DRAGON BALL BIT
IE-A TYPE DRAWING LINE BIT
IF-DOUBLE DRAGON BALL BIT
IG-DRAGON BALL BIT

J-Crown curve decoration knives

JA-EDGE MOULDING BIT
JB-PALACE TYPE BIT
JC-CROWN MOULDING BIT
JD-CROWN MOULDING BIT
JE-CROWN MOULDING BIT
JF-CROWN MOULDING BIT

K-Architectural decorative knives streamlined

KA-DOUBLE ROUND NOSE BIT
KB-SPECIAL MOULDING BIT
KC-INTEREST MOULDING BIT
KD-FISH HANDRAIL BIT
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KF-VARIABLE-BEADING BIT
KG-CROWN MOULDING BIT
KH-HANDRAIL BIT

L-Rail line/line Knife

LA-TABLE EDGE BIT
LB-TABLE OGEE BIT
LC-TABLE CORNER BIT
LD-HANDRAIL CLASSICAL BIT
LE-TABLE CURVED ROUND BIT
LF-TRADITIONAL BIT
LG-15Degree HORSE NOSE BIT
LH-ROMAN CLASSICAL BIT
LI-TRADITIONAL BIT
LJ-TABLE EDGE BIT

M-Combination of high handrail Knife Bottle

MA-HANDRAIL BIT
MB-HANDRAIL BIT
MC-HANDRAIL BIT

N-Polymorphic classical Knife

NA-VERTICAL BIT
NB-RAISED PANEL BIT
NC-PANEL BIT
ND-15 degrees plate type knife
NE-45 Degree PANEL BIT
NF-UNDERMOUNT BOWL BIT
NG-S-TYPE BIT

O-Knife nail-like model lines

OA-FINGER GRIP BIT
OB-DOUBLE FINGER BIT
OC-A TWO SLOPES FINGERNAIL BIT
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OG-FINGER NAIL BIT

P-T-tenon Knife

PA-DRAWER LOCK BIT
PB-T-TYPE SLOTTING CUTTER
PC-KEYHOLE BIT
PD-T-SLOT ROUTER BIT
PE-T-TYPE BIT WITH BEARING
PF-HINGE BIT
PG-JOINT BIT
PH-MITER BIT
PI-T-SLOT ROUTER BIT
PK-Long households knife

Q-T-tenon cutter combination of class

QA-BEAD & FLUTE BITS
QB-TONGUE & GROOVE BITS
QC-STYLE & RAIL ASSEMBLES
QD-STYLE & RAIL ASSEMBLES
QE-STYLE & RAIL ASSEMBLES
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QG-TONGUE & GROOVE BITS

R-Door Knife

RA-Tanaka knife
RB-Oblique arc knife
RC-Cascade knife
RD-Curved knife
RE-Feng cutter
RF-Qingping knife
RG-Type clever knife
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RI-Liu knife edge
RJ-Kocho knife
RK-CLASSICAL PLUNGE BIT
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RN-CLASSICAL PLUNGE BIT
RO-15Degree HORSE NOSE BIT
RP-10Degree HORSE NOSE BIT
RQ-OPEN-END CARVING BIT
RR-FLAT BOTTOM CUTTER

T-Solid Carbide cutting knives

TCT-SOLID CARBIDE STRAIGHT BIT

U-Other series

UA-Spindle machine flat knife, four planing knives
UB-Finger Joint Cutter Series
UC-Circular knife
UD-Speaker Knife
UE-A knife series
UF-Helical flat knife
UG-Small door knife (knife cabinet) series
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UI-Wallboard knife
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Uk-Spiral Square Series
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UQ-Flooring Knife
UR-Cabinet plate knife series
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