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您的位置:Guangzhou JeeFoo Tools Co.,Ltd >> 技术文章

石墨刀具的性能与特点

发布时间:2013-08-08

   石墨是一种非常容易切削的材料,但由于用作EDM电极的石墨材料必须具有足够的强度以免在操作和EDM加工过程中受到破坏,同时电极形状(薄壁、小圆角、锐变)等也对石墨电极的晶粒尺寸和强度提出较高的要求,这导致在加工过程中石墨工件容易崩碎,刀具容易磨损。导致企业加工的成本高,效率低,工件常常报废等现象。怎样更好的加工石墨电极呢?
    一:影响刀具磨损的几点事项
    1、刀具材料:对于加工石墨专用刀具,普通的TiAlN涂层可在选材上适当选择韧性相对较好一点的,也就是钴含量稍高一点的;对于金刚石涂层石墨刀具,可在选材上适当选择硬度相对较好一点的,也就是钴含量稍低一点的;
    2、刀具的几何角度:石墨刀具选择合适的几何角度,有助于减小刀具的振动,反过来,石墨工件也不容易崩缺; ①前角,采用负前角加工石墨时,刀具刃口强度较好,耐冲击和摩擦的性能好,随着负 前角绝对值的减小,后刀面磨损面积变化不大,但总体呈减小趋势,采用正前角加工时,随着前角的增大,刀具刃口强度被削弱,反而导致后刀面磨损加剧。负前角加工时,切削阻力大,增大了切削振动,采用大正前角加工时,刀具磨损严重,切削振动也较大。 ②后角,如果后角的增大,则刀具刃口强度降低,后刀面磨损面积逐渐增大。刀具后角过大后,切削振动加强。 ③螺旋角,螺旋角较小时,同一切削刃上同时切入石墨工件的刃长最长,切削阻力最大,刀具承受的切削冲击力最大,因而刀具磨损、铣削力和切削振动都是最大的。当螺旋角去较大时,铣削合力的方向偏离工件表面的程度大,石墨材料因崩碎而造成的切削冲击加剧,因而刀具磨损、铣削力和切削振动也都有所增大。因此,刀具角度变化对刀具磨损、铣削力和切削振动的影响是前角、后角及螺旋角综合产生的,所以在选择方面一定要多加注意。通过对石墨材料的加工特性做了大量的科学测试,PARA刀具优化了相关刀具的几何角度,从而使得刀具的整体切削性能大大提高。
    3、刀具的涂层:加工石墨刀具应选择金刚石涂层,它的硬度高、耐磨性好、摩擦系数低等优点,现阶段金刚石涂层是石墨加工刀具的最佳选择,也最能体现石墨刀具优越的使用性能;金刚石涂层的硬质合金刀具的优点是综合了天然金刚石的硬度和硬质合金的强度及断裂韧性;可以提高近10-20倍刀具使用寿命。
    4、刀具刃口的强化:刀具刃口钝化技术是一个还不被人们普遍重视,而又是十分重要的问题。金刚石砂轮刃磨后的硬质合金刀具刃口,存在程度不同的微观缺口(即微小崩刃与锯口)。石墨高速切削加工刀具性能和稳定性提出了更高的要求,特别是金刚石涂层刀具在涂层前必须经过刀口的钝化处理,才能保证涂层的牢固性和使用寿命。
    5、刀具的机械加工条件:选择适当的加工条件对于刀具的寿命有相当大的影响。①切削方式:顺铣加工。②吹气(或吸尘)和浸渍电火花液加工,及时清理工件表面的石墨粉尘,有利于减小刀具二次磨损,延长刀具的使用寿命。③选择合适的高转速及相应的大进给量。综述以上几点,刀具的材料、几何角度、涂层、刃口的强化及机械加工条件,在刀具的使用寿命中扮演者不同的角色,缺一不可,相辅相成的。一把好的石墨刀具,应具备流畅的石墨粉排屑槽、长的使用寿命、能够深雕刻加工、能节约加工成本。



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HU-CLASSICAL MOULDING BIT
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I-Beaded Curve Knife

IA-DOUBLE BEADING BIT
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IC-DOUBLE BEADING BIT
ID-DRAGON BALL BIT
IE-A TYPE DRAWING LINE BIT
IF-DOUBLE DRAGON BALL BIT
IG-DRAGON BALL BIT

J-Crown curve decoration knives

JA-EDGE MOULDING BIT
JB-PALACE TYPE BIT
JC-CROWN MOULDING BIT
JD-CROWN MOULDING BIT
JE-CROWN MOULDING BIT
JF-CROWN MOULDING BIT

K-Architectural decorative knives streamlined

KA-DOUBLE ROUND NOSE BIT
KB-SPECIAL MOULDING BIT
KC-INTEREST MOULDING BIT
KD-FISH HANDRAIL BIT
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KF-VARIABLE-BEADING BIT
KG-CROWN MOULDING BIT
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L-Rail line/line Knife

LA-TABLE EDGE BIT
LB-TABLE OGEE BIT
LC-TABLE CORNER BIT
LD-HANDRAIL CLASSICAL BIT
LE-TABLE CURVED ROUND BIT
LF-TRADITIONAL BIT
LG-15Degree HORSE NOSE BIT
LH-ROMAN CLASSICAL BIT
LI-TRADITIONAL BIT
LJ-TABLE EDGE BIT

M-Combination of high handrail Knife Bottle

MA-HANDRAIL BIT
MB-HANDRAIL BIT
MC-HANDRAIL BIT

N-Polymorphic classical Knife

NA-VERTICAL BIT
NB-RAISED PANEL BIT
NC-PANEL BIT
ND-15 degrees plate type knife
NE-45 Degree PANEL BIT
NF-UNDERMOUNT BOWL BIT
NG-S-TYPE BIT

O-Knife nail-like model lines

OA-FINGER GRIP BIT
OB-DOUBLE FINGER BIT
OC-A TWO SLOPES FINGERNAIL BIT
OD-SIDE FINGER NAIL TYPE BIT
OE-ARCH TYPE ROUTER BIT
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PA-DRAWER LOCK BIT
PB-T-TYPE SLOTTING CUTTER
PC-KEYHOLE BIT
PD-T-SLOT ROUTER BIT
PE-T-TYPE BIT WITH BEARING
PF-HINGE BIT
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PH-MITER BIT
PI-T-SLOT ROUTER BIT
PK-Long households knife

Q-T-tenon cutter combination of class

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QG-TONGUE & GROOVE BITS

R-Door Knife

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RB-Oblique arc knife
RC-Cascade knife
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RF-Qingping knife
RG-Type clever knife
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RQ-OPEN-END CARVING BIT
RR-FLAT BOTTOM CUTTER

T-Solid Carbide cutting knives

TCT-SOLID CARBIDE STRAIGHT BIT

U-Other series

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UB-Finger Joint Cutter Series
UC-Circular knife
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