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导致石材雕刻刀断刀的8大原因

发布时间:2013-08-08
 

如今越来越多的人选用石材雕刻机来做石材雕刻加工,但是稍不注意就导致石材雕刻刀折断的问题成了很多做石材雕刻的用户最头疼的事情。
石材雕刻刀具价格不等少则几元多则上百元,每断一把刀就象征着使用成本增加了一些。那么,怎样才能更好的保证石材雕刻刀具使用寿命更长呢?
基于我们对行业了解得出以下几点经验:
一、 把好雕刻刀具本身的质量关
必须选择优质的石材雕刻刀,如果刀具本身质量不过关,操作过程再小心也没用。

二、选择适合自己的雕刻刀具
购买时并不一定要所有的贵的就是好的,关键是适合自己,要有针对性,特别是雕刻刀的一些重要参数的选择要注意,比如:
    1)摩氏硬度<5   如:汉白玉雕刻 青石雕刻(分布很广 山东 河南 湖南 等)这种石质相对较软,分布广,而且价格便宜。是很多墓碑雕刻,浮雕雕刻用户的首选,青石,刻字:我们一般选用钨钢尖刀这种刀具几个便宜使用方便特别是刻字、浮雕精刻的首选
    2)摩氏硬度在5—6之间 如我们常用到的中国黑丰镇黑 麻石 等 这些石材相对较硬选用刀具时尽量选用金刚砂或金刚石刀具,根据用途不一样金刚砂的刀具制作工艺也不一样,目前国内常见的工艺有两种:

    钎焊:这种刀具只是在刀杆上使用钎焊工艺涂了一层砂。相对较锋利,雕刻精度高,但是由于工艺不同使用时要保证冷却水量充足,瞬间温度过高会因高温而报废

    通体刀:这种刀具一般是在整个刀杆前方全部放置金刚砂,这种工艺刀具相对来时使用寿命较长,但是会因使用时间而磨损,导致前后雕刻深度有些差别,适用于雕刻精度不高,材质较硬的石材。如将军红中国红等
    3)砂岩雕刻:砂岩由于材质所限尽量选用金刚砂刀具
三、使用方法不当导致雕刻刀具非正常损害
  1)使用不当;
  2)下刀速度过快(石材下刀速度根据材质不同应保持在200-350之间);
  3)瞬间提速过猛;
  4)冷却水控制不足;
  5)做浮雕第一刀一定要慢;
四、不同雕刻图案的雕刻技巧掌握不到位
一般的石材雕刻机 分为:刻字、线雕、和浮雕。
1)刻字:一般墓碑雕刻刀具损坏方式是崩尖,注意调整雕刻深度观察材料平整度,3D字控制好速度和深度 。
2)线雕:线雕雕刻是影响刀具使用寿命的因素一般为:版面不平 速度太快,线雕速度不同与浮雕速度,比如同样的速度线雕的雕刻加速度和惯性比较大,所以要尽量放慢速度,材质较软的可以适当加快
3)浮雕:在浮雕雕刻过程中很多朋友感觉调宽刀具补偿能节省大量时间,但往往是忽视了刀具的承受能力,再雕刻浮雕式在能接受的时间范围内尽量调整雕刻精度,精度高的情况下可以适当调整雕刻速度,精度和速度调整好了会又快又好又省刀。
    浮雕图案选择:目前国内做浮雕图的前辈们大部分是做木材,模具等出身的,他们往往要求图案相当完美 层次分明,但是忽略了一点:石材雕刻深度相当于较深材质较硬 如果是图案层次过于分明往往会在层次处短刀。
五、机器本身质量问题
  机器稳定性不好,致使在雕刻过程中出现颤抖,断刀也就很正常了。
  选用导轨质量问题,有些厂家为了节省机器成本选用圆规 或者较次的方轨 ,导轨之间间隙较大也会引起刀具颤抖。
  主轴电机动平衡调整不好(这种一般很少出现)
刀夹质量问题,目前国内刀夹有些误差较大也会引起动平衡失调
六、断刀残片导致二次损坏
断刀后换刀时首先把断刀取走,甚至有些刀的碎残料都要弄走,否则很容易引起第二次断刀.然后重新换上一把合适的刀.
七、主轴转速过低
主轴转速应不低于18000转
八、电压不稳定
保证稳定的工作电压 380V电压上下浮动不要超过±10%



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